Tamper resistant software through dynamic integrity checking ping wang. Hong qu modern information technology and education center, lanzhou jiaotong university, lanzhou, china email. In this paper, we present and explore a methodology that we believe can protect program integrity in a more tamper resilient and flexible manner. Upon tamper detection, antihacking code may produce a crash or gradual failure, rendering the application unusable or troublesome. Tamper resistance mechanisms for secure embedded systems. Tamper resistant software through dynamic integrity. A tamper resistant approach that detects andor subvertscorrects the tampering actions in real time concurrently with the program execution is desirable. 1 introduction an increasing number of large and important systems, from paytv through gsm mobile phones and prepayment gas meters to smartcard electronic wallets, rely to a greater or lesser extent on the tamper resistance properties of.
A deformable tamper sensor and tamper resistant electronic system is operable to detect opening of an enclosure and perform actions responsive to the detection. In private and authenticated tamperresistant ptr environments,1 an additional requirement is that an adversary should be unable to obtain any information about software and data within the environment by tampering with, or otherwise observing, system op. Intuitively, we cannot guarantee a piece of software to be fully tamper resistant, but we can fail the execution of tampered software. Fdc2214 data sheet, product information and support. When designing and developing security solutions for sdr software, its performance requirements, such as stringent realtime constraint, need to be considered.
To support copy and tamperresistant software, we propose a set of processor extensions, which are called xom, pronounced zom, an acronym for executeonly memory. The aegis processor architecture for tamperevident and. The options are mutually exclusive and therefore only one hard or xists at one time. By implementing this trusted component, the tpm, as a tamper proof ic. The tamper resistant design addresses ip protection as well as application security. Antitampering techniques protect keys from physical attacks and attempted intrusions after deployment. In private and authenticated tamper resistant ptr environments,1 an additional requirement is that an adversary should be.
Design and implementation of automatic defensive websites. Nov 09, 2005 apple tries to patent tamperresistant software as company prepares to shift to intelbased hardware, it files to protect method of securing code to specific hardware. Fdc2212 data sheet, product information and support. System implementation and experiments future work 12. Starting insight corrupt the programs internal state. Additionally, tamper and supervision input s must be available on the a intrusion systems reader interface units. A study on tamper resistant software the way of software distribution has been changing with the rapid spread of computer networks such as the internet. A flexible digital receiver was designed and implemented using a multiport direct.
Jan 11, 2008 the department of defense dod invests billions of dollars on sophisticated weapon systems and technologies. International workshop on security protocols, 1997. Tamper resistance and hardware security partii security, computer laboratory, 03 february 2014 attack categories sidechannel attacks techniques that allows the attacker to monitor the analog characteristics of supply and interface connections and any electromagnetic radiation software attacks. A tentative approach to constructing tamperresistant software. Tamper resistant software trs trs host tamper module detection tamper response. Our premise is that intelligent tampering attacks require knowledge of the program semantics, and this knowledge may be acquired through static analysis. Leviton t5325wmp 15 amp 125 volt, tamper resistant, decora duplex receptacle, straight blade, grounding, 10pack, white m22straight, 125 v, 2 pole, 3 wire, 10 pack, 10 piece 4. The main goal of this paper is to analyze the existing software protection techniques and develop an efficient approach which would overcome the drawbacks of the existing techniques. Tamper resistant designs with xilinx virtex6 and 7 series fpgas ref 5 provide a good background on the various security threats and solutions for fpgas. Copy proof printing often involves a specialized printer and expensive custom preprinted forms.
We create a mechanism, where code stored on disk or other media can be made so that it can only be executed, but cannot be read or modi. The technique interprets the binary of software code as lookup tables, which are next incorporated into the collection of lookup tables of a whitebox implementation. Making software tamper resistant is the challenge for software protection. Developing tamper resistant designs with xilinx virtex6. The paper then presents an architecture and implementation of tamper resistant software based on the principles described. The tamper resistant software may continue to run after tampering, but no longer performs sensible computation. The present invention relates generally to computer software, and more specifically, to a method and system of making computer software resistant to tampering and reverseengineering.
Upon tamper detection, antihacking code may produce a crash or gradual failure. Architectural support for copy and tamper resistant software by dr. Developing a secure computer system is not only a matter of design and prediction of possible issues and security breaches, it is very important to carefully design a software and make sure to secure as possible the inner implementation by use of some software engineering techniques as the encapsulation which. Finally, it is worth noting that it is possible to use private tamper resistant environments to enable copyprotection of software and media content in a man. A method of increasing the tamper resistance and obscurity of computer software source code comprising the steps of. Citeseerx document details isaac councill, lee giles, pradeep teregowda. Mechanism for software tamper resistance proceedings of. Consequently, developers have employed tamper resistant software trs 5,9,18,19, which involves a variety of program obfuscation and hardening tactics to complicate hacker eavesdropping and. Tamper resistant software trs offers a temporal window of protection to software executing on a hostile host.
Despite being a uniquely powerful solution to the survivability of information in this environment, trs. Design and implementation of automatic defensive websites tamperresistant system jiuyuan huo modern information technology and education center, lanzhou jiaotong university, lanzhou, china email. Secondfinal phase of the federal medicaid tamper resistant prescription pad requirement the purpose of this bulletin is to inform providers of the secondfinal phase of the federal medicaid requirements regarding the use of tamper resistant prescription pads for all written medicaid prescriptions presented on or after october 1, 2008. Tamper resistant software is also useful in situations where a portable device containing sensitive software and data may fall into the hands of adversaries, and in preventing viruses from modifying legitimate programs. Us7506177b2 tamper resistant software encoding and analysis. Delayed and controlled failures in tamperresistant software gang tan. The fdc2x1x is a multichannel family of noise and emi resistant, highresolution, highspeed capacitancetodigital converters for implementing capacitive sensing solutions. In operation, the tamper resistant encoding technique of the invention will work much like a compiler from the users point of view, although the internal operations are very different.
Tamper resistant software through intent protection. Antitamper technology, on the other hand, protects software that cannot be secured by cryptography by making reverse engineering more difficult. Pdf enhancing software tamperresistance via stealthy. Furthermore, ensure a complemen in the physical access control system to accept and process the tamper signal. New digital initiatives, cloud and iot drive the use. Movable elements within the tamper sensor are held in position when the sensor is compressed and define a multibit sensor value. Software tamper resistance through dynamic program monitoring. Antitamper software or tamperresistant software is software which makes it harder for an attacker to modify it. We replace this expensive implementation with a software only prescription solution that injects security technologies into existing print streams to create tamper resistant documents on plain paper.
Mobile agent applications have motivated much of the research in code protection overall and our work speci. Using these two technologies together prevents leaks of both data and software. Intel, amd or any other compatible processor with at least 1 ghz cpu speed will guarantee successful work with icecream pdf converter. Antitamper and cryptographic solutions for information. Software tamper resistance through dynamic program monitoring brian blietz, akhilesh tyagi dept. This paper discusses a design methodology suitable for the development of software defined radio platforms. All software windows mac palm os linux windows 7 windows 8 windows mobile windows phone ios android windows ce windows server pocket pc blackberry tablets. Architectural support for copy and tamper resistant software david lie chandramohan thekkath mark mitchell patrick lincoln dan boneh john mitchell mark horowitz computer systems laboratory stanford university stanford ca 94305 abstract.
We outline approaches that have been proposed to design tamper resistant embedded systems, with examples drawn from recent commercial products. Xom embeds cryptographic keys and functionality on the main processor chip to provide an extremely high level of security for applications. The use of softwarebased integrity checks in software tamper. Tamper resistant software through dynamic integrity checking. The fdc221x is optimized for high resolution, up to 28 bits, while the fdc211x offers fast sample rate, up to. Specifying and verifying hardware for tamperresistant software. Hitachis strengths hitachi draws on its experience with establishing security for information systems, such as those. Software measurement plays an important role in whole software development activities.
Software security, software tampering, tampering attacks, encryption, cryptography. Our recommendation is to have at least 1gb ram for windows 7 and windows 8 for successful work. A general software tampering objective is to enable replicating the tampering on other machines. In this paper, we present and explore a methodology. The very large maximum input capacitance of 250 nf allows for the use of remote sensors, as well as for tracking environmental changes over time. Us6594761b1 us09329,117 us32911799a us6594761b1 us 6594761 b1 us6594761 b1 us 6594761b1 us 32911799 a us32911799 a us 32911799a us 6594761 b1 us6594761 b1 us 6594761b1 authority. Anti tamper software or tamper resistant software is software which makes it harder for an attacker to modify it. These may be at risk of exploitation when exported, stolen, or lost during combat or routine missions. Physical reader security, tamper and supervisor features application note an0112, rev b. Theft of service attacks on service providers satellite tv, electronic meters, access cards, software protection dongles access to information information recovery and extraction. So far, no objective and quantitative method is known for evaluating tamperresistant software. Such a response is designed to complicate attacks, but has also caused problems for developers and end users, particularly when bugs or other. Design and implementation of the aegis singlechip secure. Architectural support for copy and tamper resistant software.
Apple tries to patent tamperresistant software cnet. Horowitz from architectural support for programming languages and operating systems asplosix. This document also provides guidance on various methods that can be employed to provide additional tamper resistance. Removal of these batteries outside the authorized battery replacement process will trigger a tamper event. Introduction xilinx has been at the forefront of providing fpga at solutions to their customers for many generations. The measures involved can be passive such as obfuscation to make reverse engineering difficult or active tamperdetection techniques which aim to make a program malfunction or not operate at all if modified. The extreme fragility embedded into the program by means of the invention does not cause execution to cease immediately, once it is subjected to tampering. We also describe a variant implementation assuming an untrusted operating system. The software tamper resistance technique presented in this paper is an application of whitebox cryptography in the sense that the technique makes the correct operation of the whitebox imple. The center for education and research in information assurance and security cerias is currently viewed as one of the worlds leading centers for research and education in areas of information security that are crucial to the protection of critical computing and communication infrastructure. Code modification is the main method for software piracy. Tampering occurs when an attacker makes unauthorized changes to a computer software program such as overcoming password access, copy protection or timeout algorithms. Pdf tamperresistant software system based on a finite.
The employment of tamper resistant hardware module decreases the usability of strong authentication schemes as end. The encoder solution to implementing tamper resistant. The center for education and research in information assurance and security cerias is currently viewed as one of the worlds leading centers for research and education in areas of information security that are crucial to the protection of. Developing tamperresistant designs with ultrascale and. In this paper, we describe a tamper resistance scheme that was.
In an effort to minimize this risk, dod developed an anti tamper policy in 1999, calling for dod components to implement anti tamper techniques for critical technologies. Prescription solutions on plain paper without costly. Download32 is source for anti tamper shareware, freeware download driveshield, anti red eye, vanquish personal anti spam, antiad guard, antiad guard pro, etc. These techniques allow the system to preserve a secured and trusted identity. The current cryptographic card uses the tamper respondent technology. Distributed application tamper detection via continuous. An approach to the objective and quantitative evaluation of. This makes the code tamper resistant as the dual interpretation implies that a change in the code results in an unin. Trusted distributed computing is another application which is only possible if the remote system is providing a tamper resistant environment. The music industry is rapidly moving from analog to digital, and most of the big portal sites provide commercial online music streaming services. Tamperresistant software system based on a finite state machine article pdf available in ieice transactions on fundamentals of electronics communications and computer sciences 88a1.
In this paper, we focus on a particular hardware approach called xom, which stands for execute only memory 14. In this paper, we analyze the vulnerabilities of commercial online music streaming services provided by koreas major portal sites dosirak, cyworld, and naver. Paul goodman, writer of practical implementation of software metrics, claims that the role of software metrics is to enable engineers and managers to survive in todays business environment 9. Strong authentication without tamperresistant hardware. With the fdc2x1x innovative emi resistant architecture, performance can be maintained even in presence of highnoise environments. Tamper resistant design refers to the process of designing a system architecture and implementation that is resistant to such attacks. Towards better software tamper resistance, jin and myles, proc. Pdf vulnerabilities and countermeasures of commercial. This document also provides guidance on various other systemlevel methods that can be used to provide additional tamper resistance. Selfvalidating branchbased software watermarking,myles and jin, proc. We assume that there is a secure connection between the routing module and the mac layer.
The total size of the lookup tables is in the order of hundreds of kilobytes. Anderson, editor, information hiding, pages 317333. Secure routing with tamper resistant module for mobile ad. Delayed and controlled failures in tamperresistant software.
This paper describes a technology for the construction of tamper resistant software. Tamper resistant software encoding cloakware corporation. We can thus estimate the e ort of reverseengineering red pike from a tamper resistant hardware implementation by considering the e ort needed to mount a similar attack on rc5 19. Namely, although almost all of conventional software distribution was in binary code form, but now it is becoming more common to circulate software in source code form. Pdf a software radio receiver with direct conversion and. Trs in various implementations has been proposed over the past five years. If the same level of tamper resistance is achieved in software as in device, both a maker and a user of tamper resistant soft. Tamper resistance and hardware security partii security, computer laboratory, 03 february 2014 why do we need hardware security. As for windows xp and vista, 512 mb will be sufficient. With this application note, engineers can ensure that they are following at best practices to provide the highest level of protection of their fpga designs. Rao, shambhu 2upadhyaya1, sulaksh natarajan1, and kevin kwiat 1department of computer science and engineering, state university of new york at buffalo, ny, usa 2air force research laboratory, rome, ny, usa abstract complex software is not only difficult to secure but. This paper addresses one aspect of software tamper resistanceprevention of static analysis of programs. Tracking down problems at this stage may become impossible.
Iic endpoint security best practices relationship with other iic documents iic. Introduction xilinx has been at the forefront of providing fpga and systemonachip soc at solutions to its customers for many generations. Java card facilitates porting of the sim application and operator services onto a wide range of chip architectures, at lower cost. Figure 1 shows the reference design of using the trm in the linuxbased mobile node 6. Compared to physical and sidechannel attacks, software attacks typically require infrastructure that is substantially cheaper and. There are many ways to realize tamperresistant software including the method of making software hard to read.
The module being protected or the host module can be an application program, a library either statically linked or dynamically loaded. The measures involved can be passive such as obfuscation to make reverse engineering difficult or active tamper detection techniques which aim to make a program malfunction or not operate at all if modified. Leviton gfwt1w 15 amp selftest smartlockpro slim gfci. The architecture consists of segment of code, called an integrity verification kernel, which is selfmodifying, selfdecrypting, and installation unique. What is needed, in this case, is tamper resistant software 2. Common software protection systems attempt to detect malicious observation and modification of protected applications. In its simplest incarnation, a tamperresistant software module resides in and protects another software module. We show attacks on commercial online music streaming services that lead to an. Hardwareassisted circumvention of selfhashing software tamper. Consequently, developers have employed tamperresistant software trs 5,9,18,19, which involves a variety of program obfuscation and hardening tactics to complicate hacker eavesdropping and. One process monitor process, mprocess is designed explicitly to monitor. It presents a threat model and design principles for countering a defined subset of the threat. Tamperresistant software has been studied as techniques to protect algorithm or secret data.